ЗАКОНЫ СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И ДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ

Laws, Statistical and Dynamic

Forms of regular causal connection between phenomena.

Dynamic laws are a form of causal connection in which a given condition of a system determines unequivocally all its subsequent conditions, knowledge of the initial conditions allowing an accurate prediction of the further development of the system. Dynamic laws operate in all autonomous systems which are but insignificantly dependent on outside influences and consist of a relatively small number of elements. For example, they determine the character of the motion of planets in the solar system.

Statistical laws are a form of causal connection in which a given state of a system determines all its subsequent conditions not unequivocally but with a definite degree of probability, which is the objective measure of the possible realisation of the tendencies of change implanted in the system in the past. Statistical laws operate in all non-autonomous systems consisting of a large number of elements dependent on continuously changing external conditions.

Strictly speaking, every law is statistical, since matter is inexhaustible and every system consists of a countless number of elements. Besides, every system is not closed and interacts with the surrounding medium. This is why every dynamic law is statistical with a probability of realisation approaching 1, because external influences and many intrinsic connections in the system do not exert any substantial influence on it. Statistical laws cannot in principle be reduced to dynamic laws, due to (1) the inexhaustibility of matter and the systems being not closed, (2) the impossibility of realising many of the tendencies of development, and (3) the emergence in the process of development of possibilities and tendencies of qualitatively new states. This is why every complex process of development is governed by statistical laws, whereas dynamic laws are no more than an approximate expression of separate stages of this process.