ТРАНСЦЕНДЕНТАЛЬНЫЙ ИДЕАЛИЗМ

Трансцендентальный идеализм

Философия Канта.

Transcendental Idealism

A term denoting a special kind of philosophical idealism whose representatives were Kant and his followers. In scholastic philosophy it was used to designate concepts which rise above all the thinkable categories (see Transcendental). According to Kant, all idealism that preceded him developed the theory of being in a "dogmatic" way, that is, failed to investigate beforehand the conditions and the very possibility of unconditionally universal and unconditionally necessary truths. Kant held that theoretical philosophy ("metaphysics") should explain how these truths are possible in science and whether they are possible in philosophy.

In his opinion, explanations of this kind are supplied by transcendental idealism (also known as "critical"), which tries to prove that the a priori forms of consciousness are the condition for such truths and studies the possibility of applying these forms both within the framework of experience and beyond it. In accordance with this approach, a number of theories enunciated in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason has been called transcendental (e.g., transcendental aesthetics, transcendental logic).

Трансцендентальный

(От лат. transcendens, родительный падеж transcendentis - перешагивающий, выходящий за пределы)

1) в схоластике - предельно общие понятия (единое, истинное, доброе и др.). 2) В философии И. Канта - априорные познавательные формы, организующие эмпирическое познание. В этом смысле трансцендентальны формы чувственности - пространство и время, категории - субстанция, причинность и др. Кант называл Т.

«...всякое познание, занимающееся не столько предметами, сколько видами нашего познания предметов, поскольку это познание должно быть возможным a priori» (Кант И., Соч., т. 3, М., 1964, с. 121). В марксистской философии понятие Т. не употребляется.