ТОМИЗМ

Thomism

The leading trend in Catholic philosophy started by Thomas Aquinas. Thomism was most widely accepted in the various schools of the Dominican Order. In the Middle Ages Thomism was opposed by the adherents of Duns Scotus who grouped around the Franciscan Order.

The most prominent continuator of Thomism in the epoch of the Renaissance was the Italian Dominican Thomas del Vio (Cajetan of Tiene). The earlier bourgeois revolutions, the Reformation, and the resultant loss by the Catholic Church of its former supremacy were responsible for a certain renovation of Thomism, by the Spanish Jesuit Francisco Suarez.

The mid-19th century saw the last revival of Thomism (see Neo-Thomism), the prominent representatives of this trend being Stockl, Baeumker (Germany), de Wulf, Mercier (France), Newman (Britain), Liberatore (Italy), and others. The main tendency of contemporary Thomism is to falsify modern natural science theoretically and to adapt Thomas Aquinas' system to the philosophies of Kant and Hegel and to modern idealistic theories (see Husserl, Heidegger, Nikolai Hartmann, and others).

Томизм

Учение Фомы Аквинского(Thomas Aquinas) и основанное им направление католической философии, характеризующееся приспособлением аристотелевской философии к требованиям христианского вероучения. В 13 в. занял господствующее положение в схоластике, оттеснив августиновский платонизм (см. Августин) и Аверроизм; в 14 в. соперником Т. стало учение У. Оккама; новое усиление Т. относится к периоду так называемой второй схоластики в 16 в. См. также Неотомизм.