РЕЧЬ
Speech
Man's activity by which he communicates with his fellow men, expressing and conveying his thoughts by means of a language. Speech is the process of using language. Thanks to Speech the consciousness of the individual constantly reflects the world, being enriched by what is reflected in social consciousness and associated with the achievements of the social productive practice of mankind.
In this intercourse, constant exchange of thoughts takes place: on the one hand, the comprehension of another's thoughts and their mastery, and on the other, the formulation and utterance of one's own thoughts. In this connection Speech is divided into passive, sensory, speech as perception and comprehension of the Speech of others, and active, motor, speech as the utterance of one's own thoughts, feelings, and desires. What is divided between the speaker and the listener is united psychologically by the internal structure of Speech into an integral whole: speaking, man hears and comprehends; hearing and understanding, he speaks. Physiologically, this is explained by the unified work of the linguamotor and auditory analysers, by the links between them (see Signal Systems).
The main kinds of speech are oral, that is, spoken and heard, and written. The latter appeared in human history much later than the oral and developed through a number of stages from pictography, the transmission of thought by conventional schematic pictures, to contemporary phonetic writing. A special kind of speech is internal Speech, the particular feature of which is inaudible articulation of sounds.
Speech is the object of psychological investigation, which studies the process of mastering language, the formation of Speech in the process of man's individual development, the conditions of the influence of Speech, of its perception, comprehension and pronunciation, etc.
«Речь»
Ежедневная газета с приложениями, центральный орган партии кадетов. Выходила в Петербурге с февраля 1906 под фактической редакцией П. Н. Милюкова и И. В. Гессена; издатели: Ю. Б. Бак, В. Д. Набоков, И. И. Петрункевич и др. Была популярна в среде либерально-буржуазной интеллигенции. После Февральской революции 1917 выступала против большевиков. Закрыта Петроградская ВРК 26 октября (8 ноября) 1917, после чего выходила под названием «Наша речь», «Свободная речь», «Век», «Новая речь», «Наш век», сохраняя антисоветскую направленность. Окончательно закрыта в августе 1918.