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МАРБУРГСКАЯ ШКОЛА

Marburg School

One of the trends in Neo-Kantianism. The main exponents of this school were Hermann Cohen, Paul Natorp, Ernst Cassirer and Rudolf Stammler. Having discarded the materialistic tendency in Kant's teaching, these thinkers subscribed to consistent subjective idealism.

The exponents of the Marburg School held that philosophy does not provide knowledge of the world, but consists only of the methodology and logic similar to those of special sciences. They denied objective reality, tried to separate knowledge from sense data and considered cognition a pure logical process of producing concepts. This methodology is but the insipidity in general principles, which are ascribed to special sciences. The most important of these principles is the so-called principle of obligation, which the school spread to sociology as well.

The adherents of Marburg School denied that the laws of social development were objective and considered socialism exclusively as a moral phenomenon, as an "ethical ideal" standing above the classes. The theorists of the Marburg School demanded that Marxism be "supplemented" with Kantianism, emasculated scientific communism of its economic and political content and denied the revolutionary struggle and the dictatorship of the proletariat.

The sociological ideas of this school influenced "legal Marxism" in Russia and later served as the basis for the revision of Marxism by the opportunists of the Second International (Bernstein, Kautsky, M. Adler, and others). In our days these ideas are being used by the Right Socialists to combat Marxism-Leninism.

Марбургская школа

Направление в неокантианстве конца 19 - начала 20 веков в Германии. Основателями его явились профессора Марбургского университета Г. Коген и П. Наторп. Предшественником М. ш. был Ф. А. Ланге; к М. ш. принадлежали А. Бухенау, А. Гёрланд, В. Кинкель, первоначально также Э. Кассирер и Н. Гартман. В отличие от баденской школы неокантианства, в центре внимания которой были проблемы ценностей, М. ш. разрабатывала по преимуществу вопросы теории познания, логики и методологии.

Лит. см. при статье Неокантианство.