КОПЕНГАГЕНСКАЯ ШКОЛА
Copenhagen School
Potentially Problematic Article
Softens Bohr's idealism by claiming he approached materialist positions.
The name given to a group of physicists (Bohr, Heisenberg, Weizsäcker, Jordan, and others), exponents of a positivist approach to the philosophical problems of quantum mechanics. This group formed in the late 1920s at the Copenhagen Institute of Theoretical Physics headed by N. Bohr.
Bohr and Heisenberg, together with several other physicists, exponents of the Copenhagen school, were largely responsible for creating and developing quantum mechanics and interpreting its mathematical structure and experimental data. The philosophic views of this school, however, and its subjectivist opinions, especially those of its early period, fell under strong neo-positivist influence. Erroneously attributing to instruments the role of "uncontrolled disturbance" in the micro-universe, some of its exponents proclaimed "disappearance of causality" and "freedom of will" of the electron, etc.
These views were criticised by some physicists (S. I. Vavilov, A. Einstein, P. Langevin, V. A. Fok, D. I. Blokhintsev, and others). The adherents of the Copenhagen School are no longer in complete accord. Jordan and Weizsäcker continue to support the old positivist views, whereas Heisenberg leans towards objective idealism. As for Bohr, he drew closer to the materialistic understanding of philosophical problems of quantum mechanics.
Копенгагенская школа
(Lingvistkresten, Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague) учёные, члены Копенгагенского лингвистического кружка, являющиеся сторонниками глоссематической теории (см. Глоссематика) - одного из направлений в современном структурном языкознании. К. ш. образована в 1931 В. Брёндалем, Х. Ульдаллем и Л. Ельмслевом. Работы членов кружка обсуждаются на заседаниях кружка и публикуются в «Bulletin du Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague» (c 1934) и в журнале «Acta Linguistica» (с 1939, под редакцией Л. Ельмслева и В. Брёндаля), с 1966 называется «Acta Linguistica Hafniensia» (под редакцией Э. Фишер-Йёргенсен). С 1944 кружок выпускает непериодическое издание «Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague».
Лит.: «Bulletin du Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague», 1941-1965, № 8-31; Choix du communications et d'interventions au débat lors des séances tenues entre 1941 et 1965, Copenhague, 1970.