ИНДИВИД

Individual

Definition 1: A human being with his socially determined and individually expressed qualities, intellectual, emotional, and volitional. The scientific understanding of the individual rests on the Marxist definition of man as the sum total of social relations. Hence, an individual in this sense cannot be the vehicle of inherited characteristics but is ultimately determined by the historically given system of society.

A society based on private ownership of the means of production cramps and corrupts the development of the individual. The establishment of socialism opens up the road to the all-round development of the individual. A new type of individual harmoniously incorporating spiritual richness, moral purity, and physical perfection is formed thanks to the creation of the material and technical basis of communism, the development of communist social relations and the carrying out of a cultural revolution.

Definition 2: In psychology, each separate human being with his inherent individual peculiarities of character, intellect, and emotional make-up. The psychological qualities of the individual include character, temperament, abilities, and also the peculiar features of his mental processes. Though psychological conditions (emotional experiences, motives of behaviour, etc.) constantly vary, the psychological make-up of the individual remains relatively stable, this being dependent on the relative stability of his conditions of life and the typological peculiarities of his particular nervous system.

Changes in the psychological make-up of the individual are caused by the changes that take place in his life, by the process of social education. The individual in this sense is the sum total of the inherent features and peculiarities of a human being through which all external influences are refracted. The actions of the individual are motivated by his personal and social requirements. The subjective element in the individual (emotional experiences, consciousness, requirements) is inseparable from the objective relations formed between the individual and his environment. The individual's level of development depends on how progressive these relations are from the historical point of view.

Индийцы

Термин, обозначающий всё население Индии (см. Индия, раздел Население) независимо от национальной, религиозной, расовой или кастовой принадлежности (в том числе и выходцев из Индии, живущих в других странах). В России до конца 18 - начала 19 вв. по отношению к жителям Индии было распространено название «индейцы», или «индеи».

После того как термин «индейцы», стал применяться в отношении коренного населения Америки, жителей Индии начали именовать заимствованным из английского языка словом «индусы». Но, поскольку индусами правильнее называть только последователей Индуизма, отнесение этого названия ко всему населению Индии неправомерно, так как часть его исповедует другие религии - ислам, буддизм и др.