БАДЕНСКАЯ ШКОЛА

Baden School

One of the most influential Neo-Kantian schools in the early 20th century. The name derives from Heidelberg and Freiburg universities, both in the Land of Baden, at which Professors Windelband and Rickert taught the theory of the Baden School. Basically it amounted to counterposing the historic method to the natural scientific method; history, they said, is the science of individual facts of development which have cultural value; natural science is the study of the laws of natural phenomena which repeat themselves and are general. In neither case are concepts the reflection of reality. They merely convert reality into thought that is subordinated to a priori principles; natural science is the cognition of the general, history, the cognition of the individual.

The Baden School, following Kant, counterposes being to necessity. The denial of the laws of history, typical of the school, is associated with the theory of values. These theories were developed by H. Münsterberg (1863-1916) and E. Lask (1875-1915) and were applied to aesthetics by J. Cohn (1869-1947) and B. Christiansen, and to sociology by Weber. In modern German sociology the ideas of the Baden School are being developed in a spirit of out-and-out subjectivism and voluntarism, which is opposed to Marxism. This school of sociology in West Germany is headed by W. Theimer and G. Ritter.

Баденская школа

Направление в неокантианстве.