АКСИОЛОГИЯ

Axiology

The branch of philosophy dealing with values. The Marxist theory of values is fundamentally opposed to bourgeois axiology which took shape at the beginning of the 20th century (Rickert, M. Scheler, and others) and, as a rule, ignores the social nature of values. Non-Marxist theoreticians, therefore, reach subjectivist or objective-idealistic conclusions in axiology.

The neo-positivists, for instance, deny altogether the real existence of property values in the object, asserting that the good and the beautiful are merely the expression of our subjective attitude to the object being appraised. Objective idealists consider value to be some sort of supernatural entity belonging to an extra-spatial, extrasensory world. The Marxist approach to the theory of values is based, first, on the recognition of the objective character of social, scientific, moral, aesthetic, and other values; secondly, on the denial of the extra-historical nature of values and an understanding of their dependence on historical conditions, class relations, etc.; thirdly, on the consideration of the dialectical relations between the relative and the absolute in the development of values. From the Marxist point of view, man and human happiness, and freedom achieved in struggle against all forms of oppression and in building communist society, constitute the supreme values.

Аксиология

См. Ценностей теория.